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Patrick McDonnell

Notions of Time in 1476


Welcome to time of the 14th century, called the quatrocentro by the Florentines and not the Renaissance. The label of “The Renaissance” is a modern label / nomenclature.


You have to revise your notions of telling time. As in the Middle Ages, people followed the sun. In fact when the sun set, the day was finished. They considered the day ended at sunset, a new day started at night fall. 


Time was perceived in a different way from today, because there was no common standard way to accurately measure it.  The smaller units of time - minutes - were scarcely noted, as there was no way to measure them. The hours were counted by burning candles or by looking at a sand dripping down in an hour glass. Water clocks were used to tell the hours, and in many larger cities, a few mechanical clocks rung out the time. Mostly sun rise and fall marked the passage of time/days. The church bells rang out the times for prayer and of meal times. Nothing was accurate, only approximate, as the days were longer or shorter depending on the time of year. Sun dials were used to give an idea of time and the measurement of the moons phases and stars could be used by learned men to count the passage of time.


The western world uses the Old Julian calendar that revolves around seasons and farming and religious festivals. There are 4 seasons.  


The new year was celebrated on March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation, in Florence, at other days in various towns and cities:


“A traveller setting out from Venice on March 1, 1245, the first day of the Venetian year; finding himself in 1244 when he reached Florence; and after a short stay going on to Pisa, where he would enter the year 1246. Continuing westward, he would return to 1245 when he entered Provence, and upon arriving in France before Easter (April 16) he would be once more in 1244.”


Frances and Joseph Gies, Life in a Medieval City


http://www.medievalists.net/2015/12/celebrating-the-new-year-medieval-style/


During the day and night, bells rang at certain intervals to announce what time it was. Matins…to Compline. These times varied as well depending on the length of the day.


To count short periods of time candles were burned, or a sand dial was used. For a bit longer time a clepsydra, or water clock was used.


See Chart below: